For years, Java developers have struggled with concurrency: threads are expensive, asynchronous code is complex, and scalability often comes at the cost of readability.

But that’s changing.

With Project Loom, Java introduces Virtual Threads, a revolutionary concurrency model that simplifies code without sacrificing performance or scalability.

🧠 1. The Old Concurrency Model

Traditionally, Java used the Thread per Request model. Each incoming request spawned a new platform thread managed by the operating system.

While powerful, this model has major drawbacks:

• Each thread consumes around 1 MB of memory.
• Context switching between thousands of threads is expensive.
• Blocking I/O (like network or database calls) wastes resources.

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1000);
executor.submit(() -> {
    handleRequest();
});